Ice Hockey is played in 55 countries worldwide from Andorra to Yugoslavia. The World Governing Body, the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), was organised in 1908with Great Britain being a founder member.
In 1903 Great Britain had a 5 team league and the first Scottish game was in 1908 in Crossmyloof, Glasgow. The British Ice Hockey Association (BIHA) was formed in 1914 and was only wound down in 1999 when it was taken over by Ice Hockey UK. The first European Championship was won by Great Britain in 1910 and the first World Cup was won by Canada in 1920. Great Britain were Olympic Champions in 1936.
6 players from each team are on the ice at any one time. The line up being: goal minder, 2 defence men and 3 forwards. These players can be substituted at any time as the game is played at such a speed.
A team is usually made up of between 17 and 22 players having 2 goal minders, 4 - 6 defence and 3 - 4 lines of forwards. The goal minder will usually remain unchanged throughout the game but it is quite common for him to leave the ice during the last seconds of a game with no goalie and all 6 players on the ice in a risk-all effort to score. This usually happens at the end of a game where teams are separated by a single goal and can be very exciting!
Play begins with a face-off when the referee drops the puck in the centre circle between the sticks of the two centres. Other face-offs happen after a goal is scored and at other times after misplay. The puck only becomes dead when the whistle blows or it is hit over the barrier.
A goal is scored when the puck enters the net or goes across the goal line propelled by a stick. If the puck is kicked or thrown into the net there is no goal. Goal judges sit behind each goal and switch on a red light when a goal is scored. The goals are 1.22m (4') tall and 1.83m (6') wide.
The puck is circular, made of solid vulcanised rubber, is 7.62 cm (3") in diameter, 2.54cm (1") thick and weighs 143 grams (5½ ounces). A player may stop the puck with hand, body or skate at any time in any position. The puck must not be pushed forward except by skate or stick.
The space between goals is divided by blue lines into 3 zones, defence, neutral and attacking zones; each is a third of the playing area. An attacking player may only enter the attacking zone behind the puck or puck-carrier. A pass cannot be made to an attacker from a teammate who is outside the attacking zone. This is known as being offside and the whistle will be blown and a face off taken.
Players are penalised for infringements of rules by being sent off the ice for two or more minutes according to the severity of the offence and no substitute can be made for the duration of the penalty, which he serves in a special penalty box. The goalie does not serve his own penalties but a teammate must sit in the box for most penalties given against him.
Offences include charging, elbowing, boarding, tripping, crosschecking from behind, high sticks, interference, roughing, unsportsmanlike conduct etc
Ice Hockey players wear specialised equipment, which is specifically designed for safety. Players are well padded; they wear knee pads, shin, hip, elbow and shoulder guards, thick gauntlet type gloves, long stockings that fit over the knee pads, padded shorts that lace up at the front and sweaters in team colours over everything. Boots are stronger and different from figure skating boots. They have lower ankle support, reinforced toes and padded tongues. The blade has a plain point, is straight and narrow and now hollow ground. The two upright stanchions are higher on a hockey skate changing the centre of gravity.
Ice Hockey, the world's fastest team game, is full of skilful stick handling, tactics, speed and grit.
Wednesday 17 March 2010
Youth crime
form the www.direct.gov.uk. webside about youth crime roport point out'Overall youth crime remains stable but challenges remain particularly around alcohol-related crime, delinquent peer groups and gangs and young people carrying knives. Each year around 100,000 young people aged 10 -17 enter the criminal justice system for the first time. The new Action Plan aims to reduce this rate by one fifth by 2020 and in turn to substantially reduce the number of young victims'.Chines state media said:" The number of juvenile criminals in China has more than doubled over the past decade, as broken homes and a decline in social values have spurred youth delinquency".
Compared with Britain, China's juvenile delinquency more serious. China is a populous country, there are many farmers to the cities to work, neglected children in the home, but now there are many networks of violence and yellow things, the impact of these factors are a major factor in juvenile crime.
Broken homes seemed to be the main factor behind the explosion in youth delinquency, BBC said, quoting Beijing's Haidian District Court as saying 59 percent of underage criminals came from broken families and had often experienced domestic violence.
The public distinguishes between the purpose of sentencing adults and juveniles. Rehabilitation was seen as more important for juveniles than adult offenders.
The public also distinguishes between the purpose of prison for young and adult offenders. Education and job training were seen as being more relevant to juvenile than to adult prisons. Punishment was seen as more important for adult prisons than for juvenile institutions.
In my opinion, family education is the most important, when a youger child should have to tell him what he can do and what did was against the law, and if things do break the law will be what kind of punishment.
Compared with Britain, China's juvenile delinquency more serious. China is a populous country, there are many farmers to the cities to work, neglected children in the home, but now there are many networks of violence and yellow things, the impact of these factors are a major factor in juvenile crime.
Broken homes seemed to be the main factor behind the explosion in youth delinquency, BBC said, quoting Beijing's Haidian District Court as saying 59 percent of underage criminals came from broken families and had often experienced domestic violence.
The public distinguishes between the purpose of sentencing adults and juveniles. Rehabilitation was seen as more important for juveniles than adult offenders.
The public also distinguishes between the purpose of prison for young and adult offenders. Education and job training were seen as being more relevant to juvenile than to adult prisons. Punishment was seen as more important for adult prisons than for juvenile institutions.
In my opinion, family education is the most important, when a youger child should have to tell him what he can do and what did was against the law, and if things do break the law will be what kind of punishment.
MEDIA - Newspapers
With the development of the world, more and more media news in our daily life.In the UK, many people prefer to get news and information through newspapers.However, The main differences between some newspapers such as The Guardian or The Times and a tabloid newspaper I like The Daily.
The Times is the official broadcast media, fair and objective coverage, including politics, business, environmental and other aspects of the news. And The Daily no formal is the former, also includes some people some of the well-known gossip.
In contrast, I prefer the former in The daily, because I want to know a number of alternative news and some local interesting stories. However, if I do the task is not much useful tabloid's official newspaper to do. The Guardian and The Times more useful articles.
The Times is the official broadcast media, fair and objective coverage, including politics, business, environmental and other aspects of the news. And The Daily no formal is the former, also includes some people some of the well-known gossip.
In contrast, I prefer the former in The daily, because I want to know a number of alternative news and some local interesting stories. However, if I do the task is not much useful tabloid's official newspaper to do. The Guardian and The Times more useful articles.
Monday 1 February 2010
British media
British media have three components: TV, radio, newspapers and magazines.
UK Television：
1 The BBC networks (Channels: BBC One, BBC Two, BBC Three, BBC Four, CBBC, CBeebies, BBC News 24 and BBC Parliament)
2 The commercial networks
3 Cable
4 Digital
5 Teletext and interactive services 6 Regulation
British National broadcasters：
1 BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation)
2 two national television channels (with national and regional sub-divisions)
3 five national radio stations
4 Cable and digital TV channels
5 40+ local radio stations
6 Global enterprises in both television and radio, a broadcast monitoring service
6 Europe's most visited content web site
The most popular British radio stations:
1 Clare FM
2 Anna Livia
3 Live 95
4 Welsh Radio International
5 Imperial College radio
6 Capital FM
7 BBC Radio 2
Types of Newspapers :
mass market tabloids: (e.g. The Sun)
middle-market tabloids (e.g. the Daily Mail)
quality broadsheets (e.g. The Times)
UK Television：
1 The BBC networks (Channels: BBC One, BBC Two, BBC Three, BBC Four, CBBC, CBeebies, BBC News 24 and BBC Parliament)
2 The commercial networks
3 Cable
4 Digital
5 Teletext and interactive services 6 Regulation
British National broadcasters：
1 BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation)
2 two national television channels (with national and regional sub-divisions)
3 five national radio stations
4 Cable and digital TV channels
5 40+ local radio stations
6 Global enterprises in both television and radio, a broadcast monitoring service
6 Europe's most visited content web site
The most popular British radio stations:
1 Clare FM
2 Anna Livia
3 Live 95
4 Welsh Radio International
5 Imperial College radio
6 Capital FM
7 BBC Radio 2
Types of Newspapers :
mass market tabloids: (e.g. The Sun)
middle-market tabloids (e.g. the Daily Mail)
quality broadsheets (e.g. The Times)
Sunday 24 January 2010
education system
Chinese School
Academic12Year
The beginning of high school some of the general are in6-10Course between the
Class size is generally40-60people, modes of teaching to large class teaching mainly. In order to test for high into goal, often arranged a large number of extra-curricular work, and there is an additional extra lessons.
Focus on the facts and knowledge
Multi-disciplinary education in general
Exams are mostly: What? When will happen? Where did it happen? Who created the invention of the material world?
English School
Academic13Year
Article10And11Graders6Course, to12And13Grade, the general was only3Course
Class size is only3-15people, in addition to classroom teaching, with a high proportion of extra-curricular practices, visit the factory, university laboratories, museums, and even overseas exchanges, to the university to attend might be interested in courses and other activities. Extracurricular a certain number of homework, but more non-mandatory, pay attention to student moral, intellectual, physical, artistic and other interests and hobbies of a comprehensive training and balanced development.
Emphasis on independent thinking and analysis
Professional, in-depth more detailed education
Exam number is: How did it happen? Why did it happen?
Chinese University
Academic years
Freshman, sophomore-based lesson study, Two years are of specialized courses to learn
Pay attention to grasp what they have learned
Examination to final exam-based
China Master, school system is generally two to three years, is still focused on obtaining more cutting-edge knowledge
China, Dr. academic year, the general still need the previous year class, does two years research.
British Universities
Academic year
Three years are specialized courses to learn
Focusing on an integrated ability
Normal operations (usually written thesis) about25% to 50%, Final exam only 50%
English Master's education system is only one year, the world's shortest, the main
focus is to teach ways, methods, and develop comprehensive ability, such as cover college building in general, first frame importance, as required knowledge. In the future work, and then fill up.
British Doctor, three years almost exclusively used for and mentors with the research
the Sino-British educational system, the school curriculum, teaching methods, and teaching focus on the larger differences, each with advantages and disadvantages, whether one is better, is difficult to determine. Based on the Sino-British educational system listed above all the differences, when the Chinese students abroad, and British students classmate to study, when two kinds of education system strengths and weaknesses and their own characteristics will be in the same stage ,more and more prominence.
Academic12Year
The beginning of high school some of the general are in6-10Course between the
Class size is generally40-60people, modes of teaching to large class teaching mainly. In order to test for high into goal, often arranged a large number of extra-curricular work, and there is an additional extra lessons.
Focus on the facts and knowledge
Multi-disciplinary education in general
Exams are mostly: What? When will happen? Where did it happen? Who created the invention of the material world?
English School
Academic13Year
Article10And11Graders6Course, to12And13Grade, the general was only3Course
Class size is only3-15people, in addition to classroom teaching, with a high proportion of extra-curricular practices, visit the factory, university laboratories, museums, and even overseas exchanges, to the university to attend might be interested in courses and other activities. Extracurricular a certain number of homework, but more non-mandatory, pay attention to student moral, intellectual, physical, artistic and other interests and hobbies of a comprehensive training and balanced development.
Emphasis on independent thinking and analysis
Professional, in-depth more detailed education
Exam number is: How did it happen? Why did it happen?
Chinese University
Academic years
Freshman, sophomore-based lesson study, Two years are of specialized courses to learn
Pay attention to grasp what they have learned
Examination to final exam-based
China Master, school system is generally two to three years, is still focused on obtaining more cutting-edge knowledge
China, Dr. academic year, the general still need the previous year class, does two years research.
British Universities
Academic year
Three years are specialized courses to learn
Focusing on an integrated ability
Normal operations (usually written thesis) about25% to 50%, Final exam only 50%
English Master's education system is only one year, the world's shortest, the main
focus is to teach ways, methods, and develop comprehensive ability, such as cover college building in general, first frame importance, as required knowledge. In the future work, and then fill up.
British Doctor, three years almost exclusively used for and mentors with the research
the Sino-British educational system, the school curriculum, teaching methods, and teaching focus on the larger differences, each with advantages and disadvantages, whether one is better, is difficult to determine. Based on the Sino-British educational system listed above all the differences, when the Chinese students abroad, and British students classmate to study, when two kinds of education system strengths and weaknesses and their own characteristics will be in the same stage ,more and more prominence.
Sunday 17 January 2010
British foods
British food has traditionally been based on beef, lamb, pork, chicken and fish and generally served with potatoes and one other vegetable. The most common and typical foods eaten in Britain include the sandwich, fish and chips, pies like the cornish pasty, trifle and roasts dinners.
UK's food looks good to eat, because the color is very beautiful. With Thailand and India, the food than the elegance of civilization. But I do not know why the British so love to eat hamburgers and fries, the food in China are junk food, eating a serious weight gain.
however，everybody has a mutual recognition, the diet often can reflect the different nationality aspect and so on habits and customs and cultural thought differences. in fact,China is a hospitable nationality, only then on a table vegetable had only then thought that has not neglected the visitor. Sometimes moreover the Chinese pays great attention the form, therefore in China's cooking, the vegetable style is ever changing, makes concrete is fastidious about the color fragrance to each vegetable matching. But UK as if some, are inferior to China obviously actually in the vegetable variety change high and low free time, what but is fastidious is its nutrition matching and the protection.
Although the British food calories are high, but the British dessert is really good to eat. The British have the habit of morning tea and afternoon tea, I like this people feel very comfortable, laid-back, there is no kind of tension in China.
British pub culture and the Chinese are very different. In China, pub is entertainment and does not provide catering, only the desserts or fruit. The United Kingdom is different, most bars will have a catering service. China bars many of which are the main dancing, the British like to drink, who are mostly the main drink.
UK's food looks good to eat, because the color is very beautiful. With Thailand and India, the food than the elegance of civilization. But I do not know why the British so love to eat hamburgers and fries, the food in China are junk food, eating a serious weight gain.
however，everybody has a mutual recognition, the diet often can reflect the different nationality aspect and so on habits and customs and cultural thought differences. in fact,China is a hospitable nationality, only then on a table vegetable had only then thought that has not neglected the visitor. Sometimes moreover the Chinese pays great attention the form, therefore in China's cooking, the vegetable style is ever changing, makes concrete is fastidious about the color fragrance to each vegetable matching. But UK as if some, are inferior to China obviously actually in the vegetable variety change high and low free time, what but is fastidious is its nutrition matching and the protection.
Although the British food calories are high, but the British dessert is really good to eat. The British have the habit of morning tea and afternoon tea, I like this people feel very comfortable, laid-back, there is no kind of tension in China.
British pub culture and the Chinese are very different. In China, pub is entertainment and does not provide catering, only the desserts or fruit. The United Kingdom is different, most bars will have a catering service. China bars many of which are the main dancing, the British like to drink, who are mostly the main drink.
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